La mujer con cáncer de mama desde la perspectiva fenomenológica de Heidegger / The woman with breast cancer from Heidegger's phenomenological perspective

La filosofía fenomenológica de Martin Heidegger parte de considerar la existencia y la necesidad de un fenómeno desde las cosas mismas y trata de buscar cómo se dan los acontecimientos en el día a día, y se generan nuevos conocimientos a partir de la experiencia vivida y los significados que le otorga cada ser. Las mujeres que padecen cáncer de mama tienen una experiencia única, pues padecen una enfermedad en la que experimentan emociones, así como cambios físicos, de salud y en las relaciones con las personas que las rodean. Por lo tanto, esta es una reflexión basada en una extensa revisión de la literatura científica. El objetivo fue describir el significado de la experiencia vivida para la mujer con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama a partir de la perspectiva fenomenológica de Heidegger. La revisión de la literatura y la comparación con la perspectiva fenomenológica de Heidegger hacen llegar a una reflexión sobre la percepción de la mujer en la experiencia de atravesar por la enfermedad, al tener impactos en la identidad propia, los cuales emergen sobre las dimensiones del ser psicológico, físico, social y espiritual. A partir de la literatura encontrada, una de las dimensiones más afectadas es la dimensión del ser espiritual, debido a su enfoque estrecho con la religiosidad, por lo que esta es un área de oportunidad en enfermería para poder comprender en todos los sentidos a las mujeres que pasan por el proceso de cáncer de mama.

Martin Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy starts from considering the existence and necessity of a phenomenon from the things themselves, trying to find how events occur in everyday life, generating new knowledge from the lived experience and the meanings given by each being. Women suffering from breast cancer have a unique experience, since they are coping with a disease and they are experiencing emotions, physical and health changes, as well as modifications in the relationships with people surrounding them. Therefore, this is a reflection based on an extensive review of the scientific literature. The aim of this paper was to describe the meaning of the lived experience for women diagnosed with breast cancer based on Heidegger's phenomenological perspective. The review of the literature and the comparison with Heidegger's phenomenological perspective leads to a reflection on the perception of women in the experience of going through the disease, having impacts on self-identity, emerging these on the dimensions of the psychological, physical, social and spiritual being. Based on the literature we found, one of the most affected dimensions is the spiritual being dimension, due to its close approach with religiosity, being this an area of opportunity in nursing to understand in all senses all women who go through the process of breast cancer.

Proceso educativo de enfermería para promover el autocuidado de la mujer durante el puerperio / Nursing educational process to promote self-care of women during the postpartum period

Resumen:

Introducción: en investigaciones referentes al cuidado de enfermería a la mujer durante el posparto, se han abordado diversas temáticas sin embargo, se identifica que la educación en el proceso de cuidado no ha sido una de ellas.

Objetivo: explorar el desarrollo del proceso educativo del profesional de enfermería que promueva el autocuidado de la mujer durante el puerperio.

Metodología: se realizó investigación cualitativa con el diario de campo, entrevista a profundidad y observación participante. El análisis se realizó con base en la Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin.

Resultados: socialmente el puerperio es un evento cotidiano influenciado por creencias personales, sociales y culturales, situación que el legado sociocultural no satisface con el cuidado genérico influenciado por la familia.

Conclusiones: El puerperio es un evento único y transitorio en la mujer, mismo que se refleja en la actitud y las acciones que realiza con respecto al cuidado de sí misma y del recién nacido. La educación es una oportunidad para el profesional de enfermería en relación con la comunicación y educación de la mujer en puerperio.

Abstract:

Introduction: Research related to nursing care to women during the postpartum period have addressed various topics however, it is identified that education in the care process has not been one of them.

Objective: To explore the development of educational process of professional nursing that promotes self-care of women during the postpartum period.

Methods: Qualitative research was conducted with field notes, depth interviews and participant observation. The analysis was based on the Strauss and Corbin Grounded Theory.

Results: Puerperium is socially a daily event influenced by personal, social and cultural beliefs, it is a socio-cultural legacy situation that does not meet with the generic influenced by family care. Conclusions: The postpartum period is a unique and temporary event in women; it is reflected in the attitude and the actions taken regarding care for herself and the newborn. Education is an opportunity for professional nursing in relation to communication and education of women in postpartum period.

El significado de la hospitalización desde la mirada del cuidador: estudio cualitativo / The meaning of hospitalization from the perspective of the caregiver: A qualitative study

OBJETIVOS: Conocer el significado de la hospitalización para la persona cuidadora de la persona enferma ingresada. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo, aplicando teoría fundamentada. Se incluyeron participantes que cumplían los siguientes criterios: a) ser parte de la familia; b) la persona enferma estaba ingresada en hospitales del estado de Chihuahua; y c) la persona hospitalizada era mayor de 18 años. Se aplicó un muestreo intencional. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas en profundidad no estructuradas y semiestructuradas. De igual modo se aplicaron memos en el proceso de recogida. Se aplicó un análisis basado en la teoría fundamentada, con una codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, identificándose las categorías y subcategorías. Durante el proceso de análisis se aplicó el método de comparación constante. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 18 participantes; 16 fueron mujeres, con una edad media de 48,11 años. Se identificó la categoría central: «el ser al desnudo», formada por las categorías; «yo frente a la enfermedad» donde se describen las situaciones que vive la persona cuidadora durante y después del proceso de hospitalización; «tiempos de guerra» hace referencia a los problemas familiares que se desarrollan o agravan durante el proceso de la hospitalización; y «bailando bajo la tormenta» se centra en aquellos cambios positivos que se dan en la persona cuidadora. CONCLUSIONES: La hospitalización provoca incertidumbre en la persona cuidadora. Las enfermeras ayudan a facilitar la adaptación de la persona cuidadora durante el ingreso y a identificar sus propias fortalezas

TARGET: To evaluate the evolution of falls with the implemented measures to improve the attention of patients at risk and to reduce the number of falls. To know the characteristics of patients who have suffered fall-related injuries. Method: All the falls registered between 2008 and 2013 have been analyzed to determine the evolution of these and to describe the implemented measures through the electronic clinical history at University Hospital of Fuenlabrada. The incidence of falls in hospitalized patients has been estimated and the evolution with the chi square test has been studied. The frequencies of the characteristics of patients who fall has been presented: age, length of stay, performed activity, patient companion, mobility level, state of consciousness. RESULTS: 445 registered falls happened.2009 is the year with the highest number of falls, 86 patients fell of a total of 15,819 discharged patients (0.55%). The statistic drops until 2013, where 55 patients fell out of 15,052 discharged patients (0.37%). This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The deployment of an assessment about fall risk at admission has helped to identify individualized risk factors. Furthermore, the awareness and alerts to the nursing staff have helped to consider fall prevention as a rutinary procedure, hence appropriate measures can be implemented on the most vulnerable patients

[The meaning of hospitalization from the perspective of the caregiver: A qualitative study]. / El significado de la hospitalización desde la mirada del cuidador: estudio cualitativo.

OBJECTIVES: Knowing the meaning of hospitalization for the family caregiver of the hospitalized sick person. METHOD: Qualitative study using grounded theory. Participants were included if they met the following criteria: a) being part of the family; b) the sick person was admitted into a hospital in the state of Chihuahua; and c) the hospitalized person was over 18 years old. Sampling was applied by purpose. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with an opening question. Similarly, memos were applied in the process of gathering. The analysis applied was based on grounded theory, with an open, axial and selective coding, identifying the categories and subcategories. During the analysis process the method of constant comparison was applied. RESULTS: Eighteen participants were included; 16 of whom were female. The mean age was 48.11 years old. The core category was identified: "the naked soul", formed by the categories; "I deal with the disease" which describes the situations experienced by the caregiver during and after the hospitalization process; "wartime" makes reference to the family problems that develop or worsen during the hospitalization process; and "dancing in the storm" focuses on all the positive changes occurring in the primary caregiver. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization causes uncertainty in the caregiver. Nurses help facilitate the adaptation of the caregiver at baseline and identify their own strengths.

Experiências das famílias no cuidado à criança com asma em um serviço de saúde mexicano: subsídios para a assistência de enfermagem

Este estudo buscou apreender as experiências de famílias com crianças menores de seis anos de idade com asma, com vistas ao cuidado integral à saúde. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como referência a atenção primária à saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas não estruturadas no domicilio de nove famílias da cidade de Chihuahua, Chihuahua - México. Os dados empíricos foram organizados ao redor dos seguintes temas: experiências cotidianas familiares, partilhando experiências e experiências com os serviços de atenção à saúde. As famílias das crianças com asma aprendem formas de cuidar da criança. Nessa trajetória, elas desenvolvem um conhecimento acerca da enfermidade e de cuidados preventivos nas crises asmáticas, identificam os fatores desencadeantes, o início da crise e a utilização de medicamentos. O conhecimento das experiências com a doença, seja passadas com outros filhos e com o início da enfermidade, ou presentes, oferece autoconfiança no cuidado. Além disso, elas procuram conhecimentos para ter mais elementos para o cuidado da criança, obtendo-os de fontes técnicas, como profissionais de saúde, livros, folhetos, televisão, e não técnicas, como familiares, amigos e outras famílias com crianças com asma. Assim, elas desenvolvem uma sabedoria prática para o cuidado familiar....